Summer maintenance of automobiles focuses on air conditioning and refrigeration systems, batteries and brakes, as well as tires. Understand the maintenance knowledge of these places, even if there is no special teacher present, the owner can do some basic checks for the vehicle and take care of his car.

　　空調及制冷系統

　　Air conditioning and refrigeration system

　　空調是夏季使用非常頻繁的部件，也容易發生故障。汽車空調系統常見的故障，是冷媒泄漏和制冷不良。

　　Air conditioning is a very frequently used component in summer, and it is also the most prone to malfunction. The most common faults of automobile air conditioning system are refrigerant leakage and poor refrigeration.

　　冷媒泄漏通常由管路中的密封膠圈老化、制冷劑壓力異常、系統部件損壞等造成。泄漏故障修復后，必須補充冷凍機油和將系統內抽真空并充加制冷劑，冷凍機油和制冷劑必須使用品質好且與車輛要求型號相同的。在眾多制冷不良的故障中，普遍的是空調系統散熱不良，需要保養的項目主要是冷凝器的清潔以及散熱風扇的工作狀況。  同時，檢查空調的制冷效果是否與出廠時的指標相同，是保養空調時的一個必做項目，這也是診斷空調是否“健康”的一個重要環節。據長沙德順和湖南萬乘汽車銷售公司的技術人員介紹，以馬自達6為例，其標準制冷效果是6．3℃到8℃，超出這個范圍，不管是高了還是低了，都表示空調系統存在問題。  空調系統中另一個重要部件——空調濾清器能有效過濾空氣中的灰塵、花粉和細菌，防止對空調系統內部的污染。具有活性炭涂層的汽車空調濾清器，還能殺死空氣中的細菌并抑制細菌再生。但如果空調濾清器上沉積了太多灰塵，不僅會對過濾效果造成影響，還將降低空氣的通過量，抑制制冷表現。因此，在做空調及制冷系統保養時，空調濾清器必須清理（用風管吹掉灰塵），不能清理干凈的，維護人員將建議車主進行更換。

　　The leakage of refrigerant is usually caused by aging of sealing ring in pipeline, abnormal refrigerant pressure and damage of system components. After repairing the leakage fault, refrigerating oil must be added, vacuum and refrigerant must be added to the system. Refrigerating oil and refrigerant must be of good quality and be the same type as vehicle requirements. Among the many failures of poor refrigeration, the most common one is the poor heat dissipation of air conditioning system. The main items that need to be maintained are the cleaning of condenser and the working condition of cooling fan. At the same time, checking whether the refrigeration effect of air conditioning is the same as that of the factory is a necessary item in maintaining air conditioning, which is also an important link in diagnosing whether air conditioning is "healthy". According to the technicians of Changsha Deshun and Hunan Wancheng Automobile Sales Company, taking Mazda 6 as an example, its standard refrigeration effect is 6.3 to 8 degrees Celsius, beyond this range, whether high or low, indicating that there are problems in the air conditioning system. Another important component of air conditioning system, air conditioning filter, can effectively filter dust, pollen and bacteria in the air and prevent pollution to the air conditioning system. Activated carbon coated automotive air conditioning filters can also kill bacteria in the air and inhibit bacterial regeneration. But if too much dust is deposited on the air conditioning filter, it will not only affect the filtering effect, but also reduce the air flow and inhibit the refrigeration performance. Therefore, in the maintenance of air conditioning and refrigeration systems, air conditioning filters must be cleaned (dust blown off by air ducts), can not be cleaned, maintenance personnel will recommend the owner to replace.

　　蓄電池

　　Battery

　　蓄電池的使用和維護要注意以下七個方面。一是檢查蓄電池在支架上的固定螺栓是否擰緊，安裝不牢固會因行車震動而引起殼體損壞；二是時常查看極柱和接線頭的連接是否可靠，為防止接線頭氧化可涂抹凡士林等保護劑；三是不可用直接打火（短路測試）的方法檢查蓄電池電量，這樣會對蓄電池造成損害；四是普通鉛酸蓄電池要注意定期添加蒸餾水；五是電池蓋上的氣孔要保持通暢；六是在蓄電池極柱和蓋的周圍常會有黃白色的糊狀物，這是因為硫酸腐蝕了根柱、線卡、固定架等造成的，這些物質的電阻很大，要及時清理；七是當需要兩塊蓄電池串聯使用時，蓄電池的容量好相等，否則會影響蓄電池的使用壽命。

　　The following seven aspects should be paid attention to in the use and maintenance of storage batteries. One is to check whether the fixing bolt of the battery on the bracket is tightened or not, and the installation is not firm, which will cause damage to the housing due to driving vibration; the other is to check whether the connection between the pole and the wiring head is reliable, so as to prevent the oxidation of the wiring head, vaseline and other protective agents can be smeared; the third is to check the battery power by direct ignition (short circuit test), which will cause damage to the battery. Fourthly, ordinary lead-acid batteries should pay attention to adding distilled water regularly; fifthly, the stomata on the battery cover should be kept unblocked; sixthly, there are often yellow and white pastes around the battery poles and caps, which are caused by sulfuric acid corrosion of the poles, wire clips, fixtures and so on. These substances have great resistance and should be cleaned up in time; seventhly, when two batteries are needed in series, they should be stored. Battery capacity is best equal, otherwise it will affect the life of the battery.

　　檢查蓄電池電壓和發電機電壓是判斷兩者工作狀態是否正常的重要依據，常用工具是車用電壓計。檢測方法很簡單，電壓計的兩個接口分別連接蓄電池或發電機的兩極，電壓計上的讀數就是它們的實際電壓。以馬自達6轎車為例，蓄電池的標準電壓為13．31V，發電機電壓為13．85V，有別于這個讀數則表示蓄電池或發電機有問題。

　　Checking the battery voltage and generator voltage is an important basis for judging whether the two working conditions are normal or not. The commonly used tool is the automotive voltmeter. The detection method is simple. The two interfaces of the voltmeter are connected to the two poles of the battery or generator respectively. The readings on the voltmeter are their actual voltages. Taking Mazda 6 as an example, the standard battery voltage is 13.31V and the generator voltage is 13.85V. Unlike this reading, the battery or generator has problems.

　　據技術人員介紹，一般免維護電池從出廠到使用可存放10個月左右，其電壓與電容保持不變，質量差的在出廠3個月左右電壓與電容會開始下降。

　　According to technicians, maintenance-free batteries generally can be stored for about 10 months from the factory to use. Their voltage and capacitance remain unchanged, and the voltage and capacitance of poor quality batteries will begin to decline in about 3 months after the factory.

　　如果您想知道濟南哪里有寶馬汽車維修的可以點擊我們的官網進行咨詢：http://www.zhongzaojixie.com/

　　If you want to know where BMW maintenance is available in Jinan, you can click on our official website to consult: http://www.zhongzaojixie.com./