預(yù)防車輛漏油措施
Measures to Prevent Oil Leakage in Vehicles
1.重視襯墊作用。汽車靜置部位(如各接合端面、各端蓋、殼體、罩墊、平面琺瑯蓋板等)零部件之間的襯墊起著防漏密封作用。若在材料、制作質(zhì)量及安裝上不符合技術(shù)規(guī)范，就起不到密封防漏作用，甚至發(fā)生事故。如油底殼或氣門罩蓋，由于接觸面積大而不易壓實(shí)，由此造成漏油。拆裝時(shí)注意妥善放置，仔細(xì)檢查，并按規(guī)范裝配。
1. Pay attention to the role of liner. The gaskets between the parts of automobile stationary position (such as joint end face, end cap, shell, cover pad, plane enamel cover plate, etc.) play a leak-proof sealing role. If the material, manufacturing quality and installation do not meet the technical specifications, it will not play a sealing and leak-proof role, or even accidents. For example, the oil pan or valve cover is not easy to compact because of its large contact area, resulting in oil leakage. When disassembling and assembling, pay attention to proper placement, carefully check, and assemble according to the specifications.
2.車上各類緊固螺母都需按規(guī)定的扭矩?cái)Q緊。過松壓不緊襯墊會(huì)滲漏;過緊又會(huì)使螺孔周圍金屬凸起或?qū)⒔z扣擰滑而引起漏油。另外，油底殼放油螺塞若未擰緊或回松脫落，容易造成機(jī)油流失，繼而發(fā)生“燒瓦抱軸”的機(jī)損事故。
2. All kinds of fastening nuts on the car should be tightened according to the prescribed torque. Over-loosening and not tightening the liner will leak; over-tightening will make the metal around the screw hole protrude or screw the thread to slip and cause oil leakage. In addition, if the oil discharging screw plug of the oil pan is not tightened or loosened off, it is easy to cause oil loss, and then a damage accident of "burning tile and holding axle" occurs.
3.及時(shí)更換失效油封。車上很多動(dòng)置部位(如油封、O型圈)會(huì)因安裝不妥，軸頸與油封刃口不同心，偏擺而甩油。有些油封使用過久會(huì)因橡膠老化而失運(yùn)河彈性。發(fā)現(xiàn)滲漏應(yīng)及時(shí)更新。
3. Replace the invalid oil seal in time. Many moving parts (such as oil seals and O-rings) on the vehicle will throw oil due to improper installation, the journal and the edge of the oil seals are not concentric, and the yaw. Some oil seals will lose elasticity due to ageing of rubber when they are used too long. The leakage should be updated in time.
4.汽車零件使用過久會(huì)產(chǎn)生磨損過限(如活塞與汽缸等)，導(dǎo)致燃燒室內(nèi)高壓氣體竄入曲軸箱，并迫使機(jī)油外漏。因此，當(dāng)加機(jī)油口蓋處廢氣外竄嚴(yán)重時(shí)，應(yīng)及早檢修或更換磨損件。
4. Excessive wear and tear (such as piston and cylinder) will occur when automobile parts are used too long, which will lead to high-pressure gas in combustion chamber into crankcase and force oil leakage. Therefore, when the exhaust gas channeling from the oil filling cover is serious, the wear parts should be repaired or replaced as soon as possible.
5.避免單向閥、通氣閥堵死。由此引起箱殼內(nèi)溫度升高，油氣充滿整個(gè)空間、排放不出運(yùn)河，使箱殼內(nèi)壓力升高潤滑油消耗增加和更換周期縮短。發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)通氣系統(tǒng)堵塞后，增加了活塞的運(yùn)動(dòng)阻力，使油耗增加。由于箱殼內(nèi)外氣壓差的作用，往往會(huì)引起密封薄弱處漏油。因此需對車輛進(jìn)行定期檢查、疏通、清洗。
5. Avoid blocking of one-way valves and ventilation valves. As a result, the temperature in the case rises, the oil and gas fills the whole space and can not be discharged into the canal, thus increasing the pressure in the case and increasing the consumption of lubricating oil and shortening the replacement period. After the blockage of the engine ventilation system, the motion resistance of the piston is increased and the fuel consumption is increased. Owing to the effect of pressure difference between inside and outside of the case, oil leakage at weak seals is often caused. Therefore, regular inspection, dredging and cleaning of vehicles are needed.
6.妥善解決各類油管接頭密封。車用聯(lián)管螺母經(jīng)常拆裝，容易滑絲斷扣而松脫;兩接頭喇叭口精度差，兩錐面中心線不重合而接觸不良;錐度不同而不相吻合，由此均會(huì)引起滲油。更換聯(lián)管螺母，用研磨法解決其錐面密封，使螺母壓緊而解決密封。
6. Solve all kinds of tubing joint seals properly. Vehicle coupling nuts are often disassembled and assembled, easy to slip thread break and loosen; the accuracy of horn mouth of two joints is poor, and the center line of two cones does not coincide and contact is poor; different taper does not coincide, which will cause oil seepage. Replace the joint nut and solve the conical seal by grinding, so that the nut can be pressed tightly and the seal can be solved.
7.避免輪轂甩油。輪轂軸承及腔內(nèi)潤滑油脂過多，或其油封裝配不妥，質(zhì)量不良及老化失效;制動(dòng)頻繁引起的輪轂溫度過高;車軸螺母松動(dòng)等都會(huì)引起輪轂甩油。因此有用“空腔潤滑法(即適量潤滑)”，疏通通氣孔，嚴(yán)格選擇優(yōu)質(zhì)配件，并按工藝規(guī)范進(jìn)行裝配和高速。
7. Avoid hub oil shaking. Excessive lubrication grease in hub bearings and cavity, improper oil package, poor quality and aging failure, excessive hub temperature caused by frequent braking, loosening axle nuts and so on will cause hub oil rejection. Therefore, it is useful to use "cavity lubrication method" (that is, appropriate lubrication), dredge air vents, strictly select high-quality accessories, and assemble and high-speed according to process specifications.
車輛的維護(hù)檢修要點(diǎn)
Key Points of Vehicle Maintenance and Repair
在極為清潔的條件下進(jìn)行裝配，零件工作表面無磕碰、無劃痕、毛刺和其他附著物;嚴(yán)格操作規(guī)程，密封件應(yīng)正確安裝，防止不到位可變形;掌握密封件的性能規(guī)范和使用要求，及時(shí)更換失效件;對于邊蓋類薄壁零件，采用鈑金冷做校正;容易磨損的軸孔類零件可采用金屬噴鍍、焊修、膠粘、機(jī)械加工等工藝以達(dá)到原廠尺寸;盡量使用密封膠，必要時(shí)可用油漆代用能達(dá)到理想密封效果;螺母滑絲斷扣、松脫應(yīng)修復(fù)或更換新件，并擰至規(guī)定的扭力;橡膠密封件裝配前應(yīng)仔細(xì)檢查外觀質(zhì)量;使用專門工具壓配，避免敲打變形;按規(guī)定加注潤滑油脂，定期清洗疏通通氣孔和單向閥等。只要做到以上各點(diǎn)，車輛漏油的毛病是完全可以根治的。
Assembling under extremely clean conditions, no bump, scratch, burr and other attachments on the working surface of the parts; strict operating rules, seals should be installed correctly to prevent out-of-place deformability; grasp the performance specifications and use requirements of seals, timely replacement of failure parts; for thin-walled parts of edge cover, sheet metal cooling is used. Correction; metal spraying, welding repair, gluing, mechanical processing and other processes can be used to achieve the original size of axle hole parts which are easy to wear; sealant can be used as far as possible, and paint can be used instead if necessary to achieve the ideal sealing effect; nut slipper snap, loosening should be repaired or replaced with new parts, and screw to the prescribed torsion; Before assembling, the appearance quality should be carefully checked; special tools should be used to press and match to avoid knocking deformation; lubricating grease should be added according to regulations, and ventilation holes and one-way valves should be cleaned regularly. As long as the above points are achieved, the problem of vehicle oil leakage can be completely eradicated.
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