1. Use lubricating oil of appropriate quality grade

對汽油發動機應根據進排氣系統的附加裝置和使用條件選用SD—SF級汽油機油;柴油發動機則要根據機械負荷選用CB—CD級柴油機油，選用標準以不低于生產廠家規定要求為準。

For gasoline engine, sd-sf grade gasoline engine oil should be selected according to the additional devices and service conditions of the intake and exhaust system; for diesel engine, cb-cd grade diesel engine oil should be selected according to the mechanical load, and the selection standard should not be lower than the requirements specified by the manufacturer.

2.定期更換機油及濾芯

2. Change the engine oil and filter element regularly

任何質量等級的潤滑油在使用過程中油質都會發生變化。到一定里程之后，性能惡化，會給發動機帶來種種問題。為了避免故障的發生，應結合使用條件定期換油，并使油量適中。機油從濾清器的細孔通過時把油中的固體顆粒和粘稠物積存在濾清器中。如濾清器堵塞，機油不能通過濾芯時，會脹破濾芯或打開安全閥，從旁通閥通過，仍把臟物帶回潤滑部位，促使發動機磨損，內部的污染加劇。

Any quality grade of lubricating oil will change during use. After a certain mileage, the performance will deteriorate, which will bring various problems to the engine. In order to avoid the occurrence of faults, the oil should be changed regularly according to the service conditions, and the oil quantity should be moderate. When the oil passes through the fine hole of the filter, the solid particles and viscous substances in the oil accumulate in the filter. If the filter is blocked and the oil can not pass through the filter element, it will burst the filter element or open the safety valve and pass through the bypass valve, which will still bring the dirt back to the lubricating part, causing the engine to wear and internal pollution to intensify.

 

3.保持曲軸箱通風良好

3. Keep the crankcase well ventilated

現在大部分汽油機都裝有PCV閥促使發動機換氣，但竄氣中的污染物“會沉積在PCV閥的周圍，可能使閥堵塞。如果PCV閥堵塞則污染氣體逆向流人空氣濾清器，污染濾芯，使過濾能力降低，吸入的混合氣過臟，更加造成曲軸箱的污染，導致燃料消耗增大，發動機磨損加大，甚至損壞發動機。因此，須定期保養PCV，清除PCV閥周圍的污染物。

At present, most gasoline engines are equipped with PCV valve to promote engine ventilation, but the pollutants in the blowby "will deposit around the PCV valve, which may block the valve. If the PCV valve is blocked, the polluted gas will flow into the air filter reversely, contaminate the filter element, reduce the filtration capacity, and the inhaled mixture is too dirty, which will further cause the pollution of the crankcase, increase the fuel consumption, increase the engine wear, and even damage the engine. Therefore, the PCV must be maintained regularly to remove the pollutants around the PCV valve.

4.定期清洗曲軸箱

4. Clean the crankcase regularly

發動機在運轉過程中，燃燒室內的高壓未燃燒氣體、酸、水份、硫和氮的氧化物經過活塞環與缸壁之間的間隙進入曲軸箱中，與零件磨損產生的金屬粉末混在一起，形成油泥。量少時在油中懸浮，量大時從油中析出，堵塞濾清器和油孔，造成發動機潤滑困難，引起磨損。此外，機油在高溫時氧化會生成漆膜和積碳粘結在活塞上，使發動機油耗增大、功率下降，嚴重時使活塞環卡死而拉缸。因此，定期使用清洗曲軸箱，保持發動機內部的清潔。

During the operation of the engine, the high pressure unburned gas, acid, water, sulfur and nitrogen oxides in the combustion chamber enter the crankcase through the gap between the piston ring and the cylinder wall, and mix with the metal powder produced by the wear of parts to form sludge. When the amount is small, it will be suspended in the oil. When the amount is large, it will precipitate from the oil and block the filter and oil hole, causing the engine lubrication difficulty and wear. In addition, when the engine oil is oxidized at high temperature, it will produce paint film and carbon deposit and stick to the piston, which will increase the fuel consumption and reduce the power of the engine. In serious cases, the piston ring will be stuck and the cylinder will be pulled. Therefore, clean the crankcase regularly to keep the engine clean.

5.定期保養水箱

5. Maintain the water tank regularly

發動機水箱生銹、結垢是更常見的問題。銹跡和水垢會限制冷卻液在冷卻系統中的流動，降低散熱作用，導致發動機過熱，甚至造成發動機損壞。冷卻液氧化還會形成酸性物質，腐蝕水箱的金屬部件，造成水箱破損、滲漏。定期使用清洗水箱，除去其中的銹跡和水垢，不但能保證發動機正常工作，而且延長水箱和發動機的整體壽命。

Engine water tank rust, scaling is the most common problem. Rust and scale will restrict the flow of coolant in the cooling system, reduce the heat dissipation effect, cause engine overheating, and even cause engine damage. The oxidation of the coolant will also form acidic substances, corroding the metal parts of the water tank, causing damage and leakage of the water tank. Regular use of the cleaning water tank to remove rust and scale can not only ensure the normal operation of the engine, but also extend the overall life of the water tank and engin